The Motorcycle Diaries: Notes On A Latin American Journey-Ernesto Che Guevara

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I always loved hearing stories from my father about his youth, in particular before he met my mother and was just a young man with no set path in life. His stories have  given me a better idea of how he became the man I know as dad. When Che Guevara left Cuba for the last time, he left behind a wife and several children never to see them again.  His oldest surviving daughter, Aleida, provides a foreword to her father’s famous journal about his journey through Latin America with friend and fellow medical student Alberto Granado.  Appropriately titled The Motorcycle Diaries, the book is the story of two young friends who discovery their home continent.   Written during their time as medical students in Buenos Aires, Che’s journal provides us with an insight to the young man who would eventually become the icon for revolutions throughout the world.

Later in his life, Che revised the journal making edits and corrections but the overall passages remain the same and the diary is an interesting look into the early life of the Argentine revolutionary.  The Latin American we know today is far different from the one that Che and Alberto journeyed through on their ill-fated motorcycle named La Ponderosa II.  Their visits to the poor combined with famine and neglect from local governments, helped shaped the ideology and commitment to social reformation that would serve as the basis of his revolutionary beliefs.  The trials and tribulations that occur in the book are also highly amusing revealing the naive behavior that often accompanies youth.   And as he moves through South America with Alberto, the young Che finds himself questioning the meaning of life, love and the future of society.  Upon his return to Buenos Aires, he obtained his medical degree becoming the doctor who would be sorely needed several years later when he became part of the 26th of July Movement under the direction of a young Cuban lawyer, Fidel Castro.  But before the fame, speeches and armed revolution, he was simply Ernesto.

ISBN-10: 1859849717
ISBN-13: 978-1859849712

 

A Raisin In The Sun-Lorraine Hansberry

20181205_232138In March, 2014, I had the privilege of seeing Denzel Washington on Broadway when he starred in a new production of  Lorraine Hansberry’s ‘A Raisin In the Sun’.  Hansberry’s classic play has graced the Broadway stage repeatedly throughout the years and even caught the eye of Hollywood being adapted to movie and television formats.  When she wrote the play, I don’t know if she knew then that it would go on to become a classic, but I do believe that she was fully aware that her play would have an impact on American society and the never-ending issue with race.   The play is set in a time where segregation and racial discrimination were highly prevalent throughout the United States.  We are introduced to a small American family struggling to live the American dream.  Living in a small apartment as a typical nuclear family, Walter Lee, Ruth, Travis and Lena, represent the social status of millions of African-Americans at the time.  The death of Lena’s husband results in a life insurance payout and the family now is faced with the question of what to do with the settlement.  While Walter Lee has his own idea, Mama has her own plan, one that will test every member of the family.  Her vision to buy a house in predominantly white neighborhood is the crux of the play and the most intense.  The visit by Mr. Lindner on behalf of the resident’s association highlights the discrimination and fear that gripped suburban communities as minorities attempted to leave the turmoil of the inner city during the middle of the 20th century.

Although the issue of the house is critical to the development of the play, the characters we meet are equally just as important.  Through them we are able to re-evaluate our own thoughts on marriage, religion, parent-child relationships and the relationships we have with our friends.  Hansberry’s masterpiece continues to open eyes and hearts and is a crucial piece of literature that ranks high among the works of all celebrated authors.  The true tragedy is that she didn’t live to see the legacy her play developed following her death.   Had she lived, I think she would be amazed at how far America has come since the Youngers dared to challenge social norms and make a case for integration on their own. And she would never hesitate to remind that it’s okay to sit awhile and think.

ASIN: B005U3Z5MA

War Is A Racket-Smedley Darlington Butler

ButlerWar is an experience that forever changes a person.  I can’t think of any person that I know who returned from active combat without any long-lasting effects.  My uncle, who served in Vietnam, is adverse to the loud explosions from the firecrackers on the 4th of July to this day.  Many veterans have become outspoken critics of war and have written numerous books and given speeches, the famous of which that comes to mind is Ron Kovic, portrayed brilliantly by Tom Cruise in Oliver Stone’s ‘Born On The Fourth Of July’.

Years before Kovic fought in Vietnam becoming a paraplegic in the process, there was another former marine who became an outspoken critic of war.  Smedley Butler, at the time the most decorated soldier in United States history, wrote this short but eye-opening book about the financial aspect of war and  the benefits that are obtained by few behind the scenes.  I forewarn the reader that the author is very frank in his beliefs about the true motives of war.   For those that are overly patriotic, this book will rattle the nerves and will be dismissed as the rantings of a lunatic and bitter former soldier.  But for those who have an open mind and are not blind to the horrors and financial gains of war, this book will resonate with long-held beliefs that war is hell.  And while I do believe that some conflicts this country has engaged in were justified and necessary, there’s still a very dark side to war that most people would rather not know about.

ASIN: B00P8OEFFY

War Against All Puerto Ricans: Revolution and Terror in America’s Colony-Nelson A. Denis

DenisIf you’ve ever visited Old San Juan, you’ll know why Puerto Rico is called the Island of Enchantment.  The aura that permeates the old city fills the soul with a sense of warmth and nostalgia.  I’ve visited the island twice spending time in various cities across the island and climbing the rocks at the El Yunque rain forest.  The many friends that currently live there are some of the most hospitable people I’ve ever met and the cuisine is one of the best you’ll find in the western hemisphere.  Founded in 1509, Old San Juan is a major tourist attraction for travelers from all parts of the world. United States citizens have a unique connection to the island in that no passport is needed and American currency is the standard.  The relationship between Puerto Rico and the United States is perhaps the most complex and unique in all of the Caribbean.  The island, ceded to the United States by Spain at the Treaty of Paris in 1898, has been in a state of steady economic decline resulting in a surge in crime rates and unemployment.   The deteriorating conditions threaten to turn the island into a shell of its former self. The future of the island is a critical issue for Washington and as of today no clear-cut solution is in place.

Nelson Denis’ book is the go to source for the real story of the occupation of Puerto Rico by the United States government and the brutal, inhumane and deplorable actions of U.S. lawmakers and law enforcement officials appointed to the island to maintain order and enforce the policies of businessmen here in the continental United States.  To the chagrin of natives of the island, the then Governor, Luis Munoz Marin, served as a puppet of the United States permitting policy makers in Washington free rein to control the island’s economics and politics.  The imperialist tactics of the United States were not accepted by everyone and in the book we are introduced to the legendary figures of Vidal Santiago Diaz and Pedro Albizu Campos, who were life long advocates of Puerto Rican independence.  The island has a deep cultural history, from its early beginnings with the Taino Indians, nearly decimated following the voyages of Columbus, to the fight for freed from Spain led by Dr. Ramon Emeterio Betances, the late and great Roberto Clemente to many other celebrities, scholars and activists.  The future of the island is uncertain, and our relationship with our neighbor in the Caribbean is under constant strain.  But at the very least, our government owes this small island the care and attention that it needs and deserves.

ASIN: B00PWX7TKO

Under Fire: An American Story-Oliver North and William Novak

NorthI vividly recall watching Oliver North give testimony about his role in the explosive Iran-Contra scandal that came to light during the administration of President Ronald Regan.  North looked stoic in his military uniform and remained defiant through grueling testimony.  Today he occasionally makes appearances and for those who remember the story, they either despise or respect him.  Prior to the scandal and outside of military circles, North was largely unknown by the American public.  Literally overnight, his face was flashed across television screens throughout the nation and in the process he became a household name.  President Regan absolved himself of any wrongdoing or foreknowledge of North’s assignment.  At first it seemed as if the decorated Soldier had possibly become an enemy of the country he served. But we know in hindsight that he was not an enemy of the state and his actions were approved by his superiors with full knowledge of the details.  At the end of the scandal, he was given 1200 hours of community service and fined by the government.  Subsequently, he has tried to live as normal of a life as reasonably possible.  Under Fire is his story, part autobiography and part political memoir.  From the beginning, the book engages the reader and is hard to put down.  North is candid with his words and comes across very direct.  Perhaps it is his military background that is the reason but it gives the book a sharp edge to it that complements the story that is being told.

I had picked up the book based on Amazon’s suggestion and the reviews I read from others who enjoyed the book.  Having read it, I can say that I do not regret buying it and only wish I purchased it sooner.  North has a great story to tell only if the reader is willing to indulge.  But just who is Oliver North? Is he simply a general that became corrupt and found himself embroiled in a political scandal? Or he is truly an American patriot that was resigned to do unpopular things in service of the country that he loves?  Well what we do learn in the book is his life story which includes marriage, fatherhood, the Marines, Vietnam and intelligence work on behalf of the U.S. Government.  And at each stage of his life, he has plenty of lessons to give to the reader that he has learned through trial and error.  His background is that of a typical American kid who believes in the USA and as adolescent, answers the call of the U.S. Marines.  Southeast Asia proved to be a testing ground and provided him with the mental and physical scars he carriers with him to this day.  As a father and husband dedicated to the Marines, his personal life took on a turmoil of its own and North is brutally honest about his shortcomings and the roller coaster ride he and his family endured because of his career and actions relating to the scandal.

North is blessed with a razor sharp memory and shows no signs of inability to remember key names and dates.  In fact, he is spot on with regards to his recollections.  He does admit that some things could have possibly have been done differently.  But in no way did he ever see himself as a traitor to the country he loved then and still does.  One of the key parts of his story is that if forces us to ask ourselves what the true meaning of a patriot is.  North is seen by some as a patriot of the highest calling who is willing to do what is needed to protect America and its citizens.  Others believe he is a criminal who acted illegal and should have been imprisoned along with Reagan and others in the administration.   President Regan is now deceased and unable to give any more insight into what really did happen.  His statements are on the record for history and will remain so permanently.  Incredibly, North does not bear any ill will towards the late president. In fact, he’s very open-minded regarding the actions and statements of President Reagan.  And although they did meet, they really did not have direct regular contact thus ensuring a buffer between the two and plausible deniability.

Before reading the book I did not know what to make of North.  I had faint recollections of his statements and heard in name in passing in conversation on sparse occasions.  After reading his story, I can no say that I do know who he is and why his story is so important to American history.   His legacy will be questioned long after he is gone but the fact remains that he is one of the most important figures from the 1980s and the 20th century.

 

ISBN-10: 1618689991
ISBN-13: 978-1618689993
ASIN: B00FAY6AUA

Arnold: Education of a Bodybuilder-Arnold Schwarzenegger and Douglas Kent Hall

ArnoldSeveral weeks ago reigning Mr. Olympia Phil Health won his fifth consecutive title.  Last year’s second runner-up Kai Greene, was absent from the contest due to personal reasons.  The two giants of bodybuilding had been primed for an epic showdown in the biggest bodybuilding contest in the world.  The contest was created in 1965 as result of the vision of Ben and Joe Weider.  Since its inception, it has featured the best bodybuilders on earth including 7-time Mr. Olympia, former Governor of California and actor, Arnold Schwarzenegger.   He is often referred to as the king of bodybuilding and has inspired millions of young men and women to hit the gym and start pumping iron.  Among those millions of people is yours truly.  Incredibly, the last contest Arnold competed in was in 1980, more than 30 years ago. Nonetheless he still continues to inspire and draws millions of followers on social media and through interviews regarding the current state of professional bodybuilding.

His evolution into action start is well-known and he has starred in some of the biggest blockbusters we have seen.  His role as “The Terminator” cemented his legacy in cinema and was supplemental by other roles most notably as that of “Conan the Barbarian”.  There is another side to the Austrian Oak that garners little attention but is the focus of this post.  Schwarzenegger has written several books mainly regarding physical fitness and bodybuilding.  This is his story of his evolution as a bodybuilder and the long arduous path he took to accomplish his goals in life.  Teaming up with Douglas Kent Hall, Arnold tells his story from the beginning and explains to the reader how he reached the top stage in the bodybuilding world.  The book became a national bestseller and is highly ranked among the hundreds of books on weight training.   The beauty in the book however, is not the routines he gives or the explanations of certain exercises. What is truly fascinating about the book is Arnold’s personal story.  It is not a complete autobiography and there are several topics which he could have gone into much larger detail but would have necessitated a much longer book.  Instead the focus remains on his discovery and involvement with bodybuilding and he career that ensued.

Fans of the sport will find the book to highly entertaining and surprising in some ways.  Behind the glory, the trophies, press coverage and bulging muscles are personal stories of sacrifice, failure and ultimately, redemption. And as Arnold himself has often said, we should never be afraid to fail. His life and its accomplishments are in many ways the epitome of the American Dream. From his humble beginnings in his hometown of Graz in Austria to the beaches of Venice in California, he continues to evolve and takes us along for the ride on the road to achieving the top crown.  And although many years have passed since Arnold was crowned Mr. Olympia, he is still the king.

ASIN: B007USA6RC

Transcendentalism: Essential Essays of Emerson and Thoreau

TranscedentalismMy friend Vanesa in Argentina is currently studying transcendentalism and provided me with insight into the subject.  I decided to do some research so that she and I could discuss what we’ve read so far.  I had heard of Ralph Emerson but my knowledge on Henry Thoreau was lacking to say the least.  However, I did know that his essay ‘Civil Disobedience’ had been read by Mahatma Ghandi, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and other subscribers of the belief of nonviolent resistance.  Having now read it myself, I can see why it was and is so important. Thoreau, an outspoken critic of the government of Massachusetts and the United States in general, made no attempt to hide his distaste for the institution of slavery.  And his refusal to pay taxes and support the government of Massachusetts could either be seen as a noble act of humanity or the actions of a traitor, it is left up to the reader to decide.  But his essay is the blueprint for forcing social change without the use of violent methods.

Emerson, the leader of the transcendentalist movement, gave hundreds of lectures during his career which spanned almost 40 years.  Also an outspoken opponent of the institution of slavery,  his writings on friendship, religion and injustice would be some of the most critical of the movement.  A close friend of Thoreau, whom he met in 1837, the two minds would produce writings that would become pillars of transcendentalism ideals.  Years of ahead of their time, their writings might make you question what you know and what you believe.

ASIN: B00387159M

Che Guevara Speaks -Ernesto Guevara and Steve Clark

GuevaraChe Guevara, the icon for revolution throughout the world, left behind speeches and significant writings on political consciousness and reform.  This collection of his most memorable speeches and letters gives us insight into the mind of the mythical revolutionary.  During his short time on the island of Cuba, he performed several duties including on occasion, ambassador to the Soviet Union, the head of the La Cabana prison and Minister of Finance.  His travels around the world and interaction with leaders of other nations also engaged in armed revolutionary struggle, helped to shape the ideas and actions of the late Argentine doctor.  A man of complex character, he was beloved by some and loathed by others.  His face can be found on t-shirts, coffee mugs, social media and even in tattoos.   No public figure escapes controversy and Che is no different.  And while the debate as to how much he actually did for Cuba will rage for years, his words in this book are some of the best to be spoken about the times in which he lived.

In the aftermath of the Cuban revolution, the United States government began to seek remedy after remedy to remove Fidel Castro from power.  Some of these plans involved former Cuban exiles and members of the Italian-American mafia.  The efforts against the Castro regime were a reflection of the U.S. policy that was in effect throughout Latin America.  Looking to Cuba as an example, other Latin nations and those in Africa and Asia began to see a rise in revolutionary activity in an effort to finally break free from the shackles of imperialism.  Che, forever observant and analytical, spoke out on numerous occasions against U.S. aggression.  Destined to meet his fate in the jungles of Bolivia on October 9, 1967, his death pushed him to martyr status and cemented his legacy as a pioneer of modern freedom movements.  Students of the revolution and those wishing to understand the world view of the people of Cuba in the 1960s will do themselves a favor by reading this brilliant collection of Guevara’s work.

ISBN-10: 0873489101
ISBN-13: 978-0873489102

 

Mayada: Daughter of Iraq -Jean Sasson

IraqMany years have passed since the U.S. invasion of Iraq but the effects continue to linger.  The conflict continues to rear its ugly head and provokes fierce debate.   When Saddam Hussein was finally captured and subsequently convicted, many Muslims in Iraq and other nations breathed a sigh of relief.  The region continues to deal with social and political issues, but the days of Hussein and his power-hungry sons are long gone.  Stories of their inhumane treatment and the barbaric conditions of the country’s prisons are never-ending.   Exiles from the country have opened up and revealed what they remember from their time under the brutal Hussein regime.  This is the story of  Mayada Al-Askari, a divorced mother of two who ran a local printing shop and was wrongfully accused of spreading anti-government. She was arrested, incarcerated and tortured on a regular basis by prison officials determined to find the source of the anti-regime literature.  She was eventually released when it was determined that a subordinate of hers was the real culprit behind the printings.

After becoming friends with Jean Sasson, the noted author of multiple books about the Middle East including Growing Up Bin Laden, she tells the story of how and why she was arrested and the many horrors she heard and saw during her incarceration at the infamous Baladiyat prison.   Finding herself crammed into a cell with a large number of other women, most of whom are also imprisoned on false charges, she forms friendships with several women who server as a keeper for one another fearful of the barbaric nature of the guards assigned to their floor.   In the effort to create a sadistic and deadly environment, a daily regimen of physical and psychological abuse is enforced to break the spirit and mind of every inmate.  From executions to severe beatings, the savagery and merciless abuse reveals a cultural mindset bent on submission at any price. The stories in the book are tragic and horrific and they served as a reminder of the dark side of the Hussein regime.  The number of atrocities committed by Hussein are well-known and repulsive.  Mayada’s story helps to give a voice to thousands of other woman and men who were falsely imprisoned in Iraq and forced endured treatment of the worst kind.

ISBN-10: 0451212924
ISBN-13: 978-0451212924

And The Band Played On: Politics, People and the AIDS Epidemic-Randy Shilts

Shilts.jpgThe announcement by former NBA star Magic Johnson that he was HIV+ shocked and devastated my friends and I.  Although we knew much about the dreaded disease that had taken the lives of thousands of people, there was still much that did not know.  Johnson would be considered one of the lucky few who survived an era in which we saw the deaths of tennis great Arthur Ashe and Real World star Pedro Zamora, among others including the author of this book, Randy Shilts.   When he died, I was a freshman in high school still trying to understand how and why society was now faced with an incurable disease.  Two years after his death, one of my uncles contracted the disease and died less than a year later.

What was becoming overwhelmingly clear was that AIDS was unlike anything we had ever seen before. And furthermore, it did not discriminate. Wreaking havoc on the immune system,  the disease crippled the infected person until their body just completely shut down.  Misunderstanding and misinformation lead to fear, discrimination and vicious rumors about anyone that was diagnosed as either HIV+ or having full-blown AIDS.   When HBO premiered ‘And The Band Played On’, my parents had my brother and I sit down and pay close attention.  HBO’s screen adaptation of Shilts’ bestselling novel is a critical film in American cinematic history. But our focus here in this masterpiece by Shilts of the origin of the AIDS crisis and the missteps along the way that helped it become an epidemic.

Today we can look back in hindsight with the knowledge that no one knows for certain exactly where HIV+ began.   The central figure here is Gaetan Dugas, the former Air Canada flight attendant who doctors believed to be the carrier of the disease. Dugas had confessed to having slept with hundreds of men without protection.   He eventually contracted the disease and died in 1984.  But for many years he was Patient Zero and the man doctors feared would continue to spread the disease in every place he traveled to.  While Dugas was a central figure,  he was not the only person to show the symptoms of the disease with doctors in New York City reporting similar cases year prior.  But Dugas was critical in understanding the spread of the disease as the crusade to identify and fight it began in San Francisco, the city that had attracted thousands of gay men during the 1970s.

The CDC becomes a part of the story as doctors continue to diagnose alarming numbers of patients with Kaposi sarcoma, an indicator of an underlying HIV infection.  As the body count increased, the CDC sprang into action as Don Francis, director of the AIDS Laboratory Activities began his journey to identify the cause of infection.  His mission to find a cure for AIDS and the battle between antagonist Robert Gallo and French doctors Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier are central to the book and highlight the behind the scenes wars raging as a deadly epidemic continued to claim lives while politicians ignored the warning bells.  Homophobia and hysteria took center stage as many sought to write of HIV and AIDS as a  “gay disease”.   As Shilts points out, Bath houses were closed and gay men demonized as having “deserved” the plague.  Washington dragged its feet with more than one president simply avoiding the crisis until it was far too late.  In fact, it was not until the disease began to affect heterosexuals that America began to take notice.

Today it is rare to hear of anyone dying from AIDS. In fact, people are now able to live for decades.   But there was a time where HIV and AIDS were a death sentence.  For gay men, it was essentially the end of their lives.  Before the century was over, it would claim the lives of Freddie Mercury, Rock Hudson, Sylvester, Anthony Perkins, Perry Ellis, Halston and Eazy-E, among millions of people worldwide.  The story to fight that disease that changed mankind is tragic, complicated and at times infuriating. The true ugliness that developed as egos clashed, politicians failed to act and the religious right found a scapegoat did more to prevent progress than it did to help.   And that is the true tragedy that can be seen here in Shilts’ words.

We have the benefit of history on our side and can look back at AIDS as a time in which hope was quickly fading.   Shilts and many others did not leave to see the tremendous progress doctors have made in treating AIDS.   Their deaths were not in vain and today HIV and AIDS are no longer the death sentence they once were.  But no matter how much progress is made, we should never forget the long struggle doctors faced in unraveling the mystery to one of mankind’s deadliest diseases.  And at the time Shilts wrote this best-selling book, the future was nowhere near as bright as it is now.  And this book is a testament to it and the best account of the beginning of the AIDS epidemic.

ISBN-10: 0312374631
ISBN-13: 978-0312374631